Universality, fractality and a new morphological syntax for the cerebral cortex - Bruno Mota

The next SISSA Colloquium will be held February 23rd at 16:30 in room 128-129
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Il prossimo colloquium SISSA si terrà Giovedì 23 Febbraio alle 16:30 in aula 128-129, con un seminario speciale di Bruno Mota (Istituto di Fisica - Università Federale di Rio de Janeiro) intitolato: "Universality, fractality and a new morphological syntax for the cerebral cortex"

Abstract:

The mammalian cerebral cortex is a morphologically complex structure spanning a wide range of sizes and shapes across species. I will show that, in spite of all this diversity, cortical shape can be universally and explicitly expressed as the hierarchical composition of folded structures of different sizes. Using a new set of theory-inspired morphological variables that capture shape and size as functions of length scale, I show that for cortices of 11 different primate species, this composition process recapitulates in all cases a common scale-invariant morphometric trajectory. This indicates these cortices are approximations of a single archetypical fractal shape, differing solely on the range of length scales for which the approximation holds. These results suggest the existence of a universal gyrification mechanism operating on all scales, and that there is only a small number of effective degrees of freedom through which Darwinian natural selection can select cortical shapes. This new way of expressing morphology can be used to parametrize stages of cortical development and aging, and to characterize different conditions such as Zika-induced microcephaly and Alzheimer's. We thus hope that in the future this systematic approach may help elucidate the processes underlying cortical gyrification in health and disease.

Bruno Mota ha conseguito la laurea magistrale in fisica all'Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (2001) e un dottorato in Fisica presso il Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (2007). Attualmente è professore a contratto all'Università Federale di Rio de Janeiro. Ha esperienza in due aree di ricerca principali: la cosmologia, con pubblicazioni sulla topologia cosmica, sul modello lambda-cdm, sulla radiazione cosmica di fondo e sull'inflazione cosmica; e nella fisica applicata alle neuroscienze, con pubblicazioni sull'allometria, sulla neuroanatomia comparata, sulle reti neuronali, sui modelli morfologici e sullo sviluppo corticale.